Necessary and Opposite Attributes
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Whisper
Meaning: Hiding.
Explanation: Air flow during uttering the letter with a slight stop in the
articulation point.
Letters: Ten letters, as are collected by Al-Jazari in
this phrase: ÝÍËå ÔÎÕ ÓßÊ.
Loudness
Meaning:
Declaration.
Explanation: Partial stop of air flow while pronouncing a letter as a result of tight
contact in articulation point.
Letters: The rest of
nineteen letters (except for whisper
letters), collected in this phrase: ÚóÙãó æóÒúäõ ÞóÇÑöí Ðöí ÛóÖøö
ÌöÏøö ØóáóÈ (which means, the recite is more
respected by casting down their looks and attempting to learn more and more.)
Hardness
Meaning: Strength.
Explanation: Blockage and stop in voice outflow, while uttering a letter with a
strong reliance on point of articulation.
Letters: Eight letters,
collected in this phrase: ÃÌÏ ÞØ ÈßÊ.
Looseness
Meaning: Lightness.
Explanation: Air flow during pronouncing the letter.
Letters: Sixteen letters,
except for hard and loose and moderate ones. Letters for this group are: Ë Í Î Ð Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ù Û Ý åÜ æ í Ç.
Moderate
or Medium
Explanation: Mediocre air flow while uttering a letter. It is an attribute between
hardness and looseness and the air flow doesn't stop as happens in hard ones
and is not flowing freely as in loose letters.
Letters: Five letters,
collected in: áä
ÚãÑ.
Difference
between Stentorian and loudness:
In Hardness there is a voice blockage and in Loudness
there is a blockage in airflow.
The letters having both Hardness and Loudness
attributes are six ones: ÞØÈ
ÌÏ –ÇáåãÒÉ. There occurs a stop in voice and airflow while pronouncing them.
Height
Meaning: Lift.
Explanation: Lifting the back of the tongue while uttering the letter.
Letters: Seven letters,
collected in this phrase of Ibn al-Jazari: ÎõÕøó ÖóÛØò ÞöÙ
.
Lowness
Meaning: Lowering.
Explanation: Lowering back of the tongue while uttering the letter.
Letters: Twenty two letters;
the rest of Arabic Alphabt which are not known to be high: Á È Ê Ë Ì Í Ï Ð
Ñ Ò Ó Ô Ú Ý ß á ã ä å æ í Ç
Attachment
Meaning: Sticking
together.
Explanation: Attaching the body of the tongue to the palate, while uttering the
letter.
Letters: Four letters: Õ Ö Ø Ù.
Attachment letters are the strongest and thickest
letters.
Attachment is more specific than Height as it is
necessary to attach the tongue to the palate in Height, but it is not necessary
to heighten it while Attachment.
Then all the attachment letters are known to be High,
but all High letters are not known as Attachment letters.
Openness
Meaning: Separating.
Explanation: The tongue body separates from the palatal part of mouth while uttering
the letter.
Letters: Twenty five letters, in fact the rest of
Arabic alphabet, collected in: ãä ÃÎÐ æÌÏ ÓÚÉ ÝÒßÇ ÍÞ áå ÔÑÈ ÛíË.
Stentorian
Meaning: Speed,
light, edge and tip of the tongue; its sharpness, freedom and eloquence.
Explanation: Fast utterance of letters from the edge of tongue or through lips.
Letters: Six letters: Some
of them produce from the edge of the tongue (á – ä – Ñ) others through two lips (Ý – ã – È).
These six letters are collected in this phrase of Ibn
Al-Jazari: ÝÑø
ãä áõÈøö.
As to its lightness the recite must pay more attention
to these letters while reciting Quran.
Quietness
Meaning: Stopping.
Explanation: Heaviness in uttering a letter.
Letters: Twenty three letters. Collected in: ÌÒ ÛÔ ÓÇÎØ ÕíÏ ËÞÉ ÅÐ æÚÙå íÍÖß (means: Keep off cheating that is
against truth and search for trust, because its advices encourage you to good
deeds.)
These letters are known as Quiet letters for stopping
from being solitude in quatrain or quintet words. Therefore, it is imperative
to exist at least one stentorian letter in these words to balance the heaviness
of the quiet letter with their lightness.
If you don't
find that, you may decide that word is a non-Arabic one that has entered to
Arabic language. For example the word " ÚÓÌÏ " which is Farsi and has become an Arabic
one.
ÕöÝóÇÊõåóÇ ÌóåúÑñ æóÑöÎúæñ ãõÓúÊóÜÝÜöáú
ãõäúÝóÊöÍñ ãõÕÜúãóÊóÜÉñ æóÇáÜÖøöÜÏøó ÞÜõáú
Attributes of it are Loudness,
remissness and Lowness Openness,
quietness and Opposite
ãóåúãõæÓõåóÇ (ÝóÍóËøóåõ
ÔóÎúÕñ ÓóßóÊú) ÔóÏöíúÏõåóÇ áóÜÜÝúÜÙõ (ÃóÌöÏú ÞóØò
ÈóßóÜÊú)
Whispers (ÝóÍóËøóåõ ÔóÎúÕñ ÓóßóÊú) Hard in pronouncing (ÃóÌöÏú ÞóØò ÈóßóÜÊú)
æóÈóíúäó ÑöÎúæò æóÇáÔøóÏöíÏö
( áöäú ÚõãóÑú) æóÓóÈúÚõ Úõáúæò (ÎõÕøó ÖóÛúØò ÞöÙú) ÍóÕóÑú
And in between remissness and Hardness (áöäú ÚõãóÑú)
and seven High ones (ÎõÕøó ÖóÛúØò ÞöÙú)
limited
æóÕóÇÏõ ÖóÇÏñ ØóÇÁõ ÙóÇÁñ
ãõØúÈóÜÞóåú æó (ÝöÑøó ãöÜäú áõÈøö) ÇáÜÍõÑõæÝö ÇáãõÐúáóÞóåú
And (Õ-Ö-Ø-Ù)
are attachments and (ÝöÑøó ãöÜäú áõÈøö)
are the stentorian letters